The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald free essay sample

Essay, Research Paper Gatsby # 8217 ; s Dream A symbol is defined as something that stands for or suggests something else by ground of relationship, association, convention, or inadvertent resemblance. In the novel The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, he uses the green visible radiation, the East and West egg, and T.J Eckleburg to demo how the American Dream is present and affects each of the characters. The American Dream is different for different people, but in The Great Gatsby, for Gatsby, the dream is that through wealth and power one can accomplish felicity. The green visible radiation symbolizes Gatsby # 8217 ; s American Dream. Gatsby has spent his whole life looking for something better. # 8220 ; So he invented the kind of Jay Gatsby that a 17 twelvemonth old male child would be probably to contrive, and to this construct he was faithful to the terminal ( pg. 29 ) . # 8221 ; Gatsby was so determined to do a better life for himself, that he invented up person he would wish to be. We will write a custom essay sample on The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He did this all for money, success, credence, and Daisy. Yet, no affair how much he acquires he neer feels complete. Even when he has his big house full of interesting people and all their attending, he still longs for Daisy. He created in his dreams for the hereafter a topographic point for her, and he will non be content to hold that agape hole. The green visible radiation suggests about the American Dream is that the American Dream is non material ownerships, although it may look that manner. Gatsby merely comes into wealths so that he can carry through his true American Dream, Daisy. # 8220 ; Gatsby believed in the green visible radiation, the orgastic hereafter that twelvemonth by twelvemonth recedes before us. It eluded us so, but that # 8217 ; s no matter-tomorrow we will run quicker, stretch out our weaponries farther ( pg.158 ) # 8230 ; # 8221 ; In this quotation mark Nick is linking the green visible radiation to all people. For everyone has something that they long an d hunt for that is merely away in the distance. Fitzgerald uses the word careless a batch in depicting most of the people and events in this book. There seems to be no fright of effect, of judgement. So who is making the judgement? That is, in portion, what the eyes of T.J Eckleburg are at that place for. These eyes are from a hoarding that looks over Wilson # 8217 ; s garage. The eyes are mentioned whenever Nick is at that place. They look over the state of affairs, objectively, but offer a sort of judgement on the characters and their actions. They are placed near Wilson # 8217 ; s because that is where some of the most selfish Acts of the Apostless take topographic point: Myrtle # 8217 ; s decease and Tom # 8217 ; s matter. All these offenses go unpunished. So the eyes look on and remind the characters of the guilt that they forget to hold for what they have done. What the eyes suggest about the American Dream is that one time people have achieved the American Dream or are in the procedure of accomplishing it, they lose all moral values. They don # 8217 ; t experience guilt or sorrow for anything they have done. The Great Gatsby trades with moral issues in modern society. The issue that the characters trade with is the corruptness of values and the diminution of religious life. The fresh trades with the early ideals of the first colonists. Fitzgerald relates Gatsby’s dream to that of the early Americans at the terminal of the novel, Nick recalls the former Dutch crewmans and compare their sense of admiration with Gatsby’s hope. The book investigates how Americans lost their religious intent as stuff success took power over their ends. The lives of the Buchanans were filled with stuff amenitiess and luxuries, and it lacked purpose. What the Buchanans suggest about the American Dream is that when people strive to carry through their American Dream, they frequently lose their religious intent. That accomplishing the American Dream may non be the best thing in life. # 8220 ; I # 8217 ; m glad it # 8217 ; s a miss. And I hope she # 8217 ; ll be a fool-that # 8217 ; s the best thing a miss can be in this universe, a beautiful small sap ( pg.102 ) . # 8221 ; One of the most of import subjects in the novel is category and societal standing in which East and West Egg acts as a symbol of this. Tom and Daisy live on the East, which is far more refined and good bred. Nick and Gatsby are on the West, which is for people who don # 8217 ; Ts have any existent standing, even if they have money. The green visible radiation radiances from the East Egg, pulling Gatsby towards what he ever wanted. And Daisy, the adult female that Gatsby has ever wanted, but neer gets, lives on East Egg. The barrier that the H2O creates between these universes is symbolic of the barrier that keeps these people apart from one another and from much of what they want. What the East and West Egg suggest about the American Dream is that no affair how much Gatsby doesn # 8217 ; t rest until his American Dream is fulfilled, it will neer come approximately, because he is on the opposite terminal of Daisy. The truth is that societal favoritism still exists and the differences among the categories can non be overcome. F. Scott Fitzgerald uses these symbols to show the demand for hope and dreams to give significance and intent in a individual # 8217 ; s life. Endeavoring towards some end is the manner a individual can experience a sense of engagement and an apprehension of his ain individuality. Gatsby has his gift of hope set against the empty being of Tom and Daisy. Fitzgerald states that the failure of hopes and dreams, the failure of the American Dream, is ineluctable because the ideals are in any instance normally excessively antic to be fulfilled Gatsby is obsessed with his end of carry throughing his dream. It is which makes him try the impossible, to reiterate the past and garbage to travel on. The symbols helped to give me a clearer apprehension of the novel because each symbol had a different significance which gave a more in-depth apprehension of the American Dream. It besides allow me cognize more about each character ; their defects, aspirations, and desires.

Free Essays on Anne Bradstreet And Phillis Wheatly

Phillis Wheatly and Anne Bradstreet Anne Bradstreet and Phillis Wheatly are two women in American Literature who are greatly respected for the works of poetry they have created. Phillis Wheatly is of a patriotic writer. Writing for the love she has for her country and countrymen. She is not shy when addressing the beauty of the land and its people. Whereas, Anne Bradstreet is more of an individual poet who draws on personal experiences based on her through her life. Both women are fabulous writers but have two different ways of writing. In Anne Bradstreet’s poem The Four Ages of Man she is writing about the birth and life of a child. The way the tone is set in this poem is a very melancholy dreary tone almost with a hint of hate. The emotions that this person is going through are feelings of not being worthy. In the poem it states that the child doesn’t even feel deserving of its own mother’s breast milk. And as this child develops Anne Bradstreet writes about lack of motivation this person has and thinks he will never amount to anything. Anne Bradstreet changes the somber tone for a more serious confessional like tone in To My Dear and Loving Husband. She expresses this love with straightforward statements that make the reader believe in this pure romance between this man and wife. In this she writes about her great romance with her husband that she loves and respects more than anything. Love is the most difficult thing to describe but I think she did an amazing job. When Anne Bradstreet said, â€Å"My love is such that rivers could not quench† she hit it right on the nose. Phillis Wheatly on the other hand takes a less personal approach and has a more global feel. In her poem On the Death of the Revered Mr. George Whitefield she writes about a well-respected man. The historical context she uses is the mention of the Countess of Huntington. Also the way Mr. Whitefield dreamed of America’s greatnes... Free Essays on Anne Bradstreet And Phillis Wheatly Free Essays on Anne Bradstreet And Phillis Wheatly Phillis Wheatly and Anne Bradstreet Anne Bradstreet and Phillis Wheatly are two women in American Literature who are greatly respected for the works of poetry they have created. Phillis Wheatly is of a patriotic writer. Writing for the love she has for her country and countrymen. She is not shy when addressing the beauty of the land and its people. Whereas, Anne Bradstreet is more of an individual poet who draws on personal experiences based on her through her life. Both women are fabulous writers but have two different ways of writing. In Anne Bradstreet’s poem The Four Ages of Man she is writing about the birth and life of a child. The way the tone is set in this poem is a very melancholy dreary tone almost with a hint of hate. The emotions that this person is going through are feelings of not being worthy. In the poem it states that the child doesn’t even feel deserving of its own mother’s breast milk. And as this child develops Anne Bradstreet writes about lack of motivation this person has and thinks he will never amount to anything. Anne Bradstreet changes the somber tone for a more serious confessional like tone in To My Dear and Loving Husband. She expresses this love with straightforward statements that make the reader believe in this pure romance between this man and wife. In this she writes about her great romance with her husband that she loves and respects more than anything. Love is the most difficult thing to describe but I think she did an amazing job. When Anne Bradstreet said, â€Å"My love is such that rivers could not quench† she hit it right on the nose. Phillis Wheatly on the other hand takes a less personal approach and has a more global feel. In her poem On the Death of the Revered Mr. George Whitefield she writes about a well-respected man. The historical context she uses is the mention of the Countess of Huntington. Also the way Mr. Whitefield dreamed of America’s greatnes...

Risk, Crisis and Disaster Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Risk, Crisis and Disaster Management - Essay Example In order to understand why this profession is needed, it is important to understand the current business world and how changes are needed. It is also important to understand why such changes are required to survive. Companies which do not realize the need for this profession are the ones which might suffer in the near future. However, there are many industries which are more prone to continuity dangers compared to other industries, and such industries need to make strategies to survive in this competitive world. Industries, which are less prone to continuity dangers, will also face need for change eventually to either excel or to survive in the long run. There is a need for such a profession and people in the business community are realizing this need. In order to understand the need, for distinct business continuity profession, it is required to understand what business continuity is and what skills are needed in this profession. By definition business continuity is the capability of an organization to continue its business operations in case of any incidents or problems. This way they can operate without interrupting their day to day business activities without influence of other harmful factors. (Honour, 2006) Business world is now global now with the 24 hours connectivity with people around the globe. The threats are also present 24 hours a day. There can be threats which may be simply natural catastrophic threats or may be business threats, which may just not only affect the profits of one company but can also damage the company in uncountable ways. Such dangers can affect the business by damaging the reputation, brand image, productivity, efficiency, etc. In worst case scenarios, Company may simply go out of business due to such dangers (Rojas, 2009). In this stage of business continuity, a plan is made in order to face any problems. This plan

Rockwell Hardness Testing Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Rockwell Hardness Testing - Lab Report Example Hardness is a measure of the resistance of a metal to permanent (plastic) deformation. The hardness of the metal is measured by forcing an indenter into its surface. The indenter material which is usually a ball, pyramid, or cone, is made of a material much harder than the material being tested. For example, hardened steel, tungsten carbide, or diamond are commonly used materials for indenters. For most standard hardness tests a known load is applied slowly by pressing the indenter at 90 degrees into the metal surface being tested. After the indentation has been made, the indenter is withdrawn from the surface as shown in the figure. An empirical hardness number is then calculated or read off a dial (or digital display), which is based on the cross-sectional area of depth of the impression. The hardness of a metal depends on the ease with which it plastically deforms. Thus a relationship between hardness and strength for a particular metal can be determined empirically. The hardness test is much simpler than the tensile test and can be nondestructive (i.e., the small indentation of the indenter may not be detrimental to the use of an object). For these reasons, the hardness test is used extensively in industry for quality control. The Rockwell Hardness test consists of many different scales for a range of different hardnesses. The B and C scale are the types used in this experiment. The B scale uses the spherical steel penetrator and the C scale uses the diamond cone shaped penetrator. Procedure for Experiment 1. Make certain the crank .It is kept in forward position, nearest to you. 2. Place the sample on the anvil, in position for test. 3. Select 100 and 150 kg combination of weights (being at the rear of the machine) . 4. Slowly turn the wheel spokes clockwise. This raises the anvil and sample toward the penetrator tip. After contact is gently made, continue raising sample until small pointer is about in line with the small black dot and the large pointer is within the colored sector. The minor load has now been applied to the sample. 5. After step 4, the large pointer on the dial is nearly vertical. Now, turn the knurled collar until the SET line on the dial scale is in line with and under the large pointer . 6. Depress the trip lever. This triggers the mechanism that applies the major load. The crank will automatically move away from you. 7. After the crank has come to rest, gently pull the crank back toward you as far as it will go. If this is done abruptly, a false reading

Electronic Medical Record (EMR) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Electronic Medical Record (EMR) - Essay Example In each step of transition, each stakeholder is considered to ensure that each need is addressed at optimum levels. These stakeholders primarily consist of the health care providers and recipient-patients. The medical industry is just one of those industries who capitalize in human resource and invest on meeting human needs. Thus, it is not surprising to find this industry integrating well with its technological advances the human factors -- providers and patients. A particular technological advancement that is taking its slow yet comprehensive steps in the health care industry is the Electronic Medical Record or EMR. Basically, this type of information-capture is the digitized copy of the tangible and printed medical reports traditionally used by the healthcare providers. Pressing needs in the industry’s record-keeping component and the desire for higher operational efficiencies, as well as the great potential of addressing these through the EMR had led to the scrutinizing an d inevitable debate of this technology’s advantages and disadvantages. Disadvantages A primary disadvantage of most technological advancement, and where EMR is not an exception, is its reliance to energy (i.e., electricity). Next in line of these primary drawbacks is the slow system run, as well as hardware issues (Wager, Lee, White, Ward, & Ornstein, 2000). The disadvantages of EMR lie on the delays and possible discrepancies (occurring during delay or information transfer from paper to a computer) that providers have to face on instances of energy disruption, software, or hardware malfunction. Indeed, a physician assistant once remarked, "everything comes to a screeching halt when the system is down. You have to, all of a sudden, remember how to handwrite prescriptions† (Wager et al., 2000, Results section, para. 9). The assistant’s statement presented another learning deficiency that once providers get to rely too much on the EMR, they became less adept to the simple, fundamentals of the manual record keeping. The impact of these disadvantages to the providers maybe a bit similar to the patients. If these disadvantages occur temporarily, then its impact to patients is limited. However, in the long run and in total count, these disadvantages may transform into huge losses in the supposedly saved costs of utilizing EMRs. Advantages The advantages of the EMR evidently lie on the justification of its invention in the first place. Its existence was meant to aid the health care industry in advancing its record-keeping component. Moreover, EMR was envisioned to mobilize a lot of other medical service transactions through the unified integration of transitory information and multiple department access (which have to be granted to make this integration possible). Mitchell and Haroun (2011) enumerated EMR’s advantages: 1) its systems-inclusion capability, which does the ‘coordinating’ function for the different departmental ser vices; and 2) its cautionary and informativity feature, which promote the utilization of a uniform, patient-and-provider reference to medication and treatment protocol. Both of these advantages serve to address the flexible and real-time integration needed to speed the flow of the healthcare service transactions and synchronize with it the organized and useful output of patient data. Consequently, these concerns that used

Understanding Optimized Production Technology

Understanding Optimized Production Technology Drum-Buffer-Rope (DBR) is the Theory of Constraints (TOC) production planning methodology originated by Eliyahu M. Goldratt in the 1980s. In fact, the concepts of DBR actually preceded the Five-Focusing-Steps and the notion of the throughput world in the development of the TOC paradigm. While the DBR method is much simpler than the older Optimized Production Technology (OPT) algorithm and the recent Advanced Planning and Scheduling (APS) systems, for many production environments, especially those not currently- or consistently- dominated by an active internal bottleneck, an even simpler method can be adopted. We call this method S-DBR, to distinguish it from the traditional model, which well refer to as traditional DBR. S-DBR is based on the same concepts as traditional DBR and is certainly in harmony with TOC and the Five Focusing Steps. What distinguishes it from traditional DBR is its assumption of market demand as the major system constraint, even when an internal capacity constraint temporarily emerges. S-DBR can be easily supported by traditional ERP/MRP systems and it is specifically intended to deal with fluctuating market demand. Optimized Production Technology (OPT) 1. What is Optimized Production Technology? 2. What is the aim of Optimized Production Technology? 3. What are the main features of OPT? 4. How OPT can be developed? 5. How OPT is operated? 6. What are the benefits achieved from OPT? DEFINITION Optimized production technology is proprietary scheduling system using, computer software which was originally developed by Dr. Eliyahu Galodratt and colleagues who recognized that one of the most complex problems facing manufacturing organizations was that of shop-floor scheduling. The system is based on the concept that there are two fundamental manufacturing phenomena: Dependent events. All processes rely upon the completion of preceding operations. Statistical fluctuations. Process times fluctuate around an average. The effect of these phenomena is that the capacity of a plant must be unbalanced and therefore bottlenecks are inevitable. As defined by Johnson, the OPT method of scheduling dictates that material should only be launched on to the shopfloor at the rate at which it is consumed by the bottleneck. Furthermore, a time buffer of work should protect the production in the bottleneck. This means, that work scheduled for day three arrives on day one, creating a buffer of two days as protection against disruption in operations before the bottleneck. AIM OF OPT The aim of OPT is to schedule bottleneck capacity in an efficient way. This schedule is the master for the demand placed on other capacities. MAIN FEATURES OF OPT The main features of OPT are described by Fax as follows: Balance flow not capacity. The level of utilization of any part of the system, which is not a bottleneck, is dependent on other constraints in the system, not the potential of the worker. The utilization and activation of a resource are not synonymous. An hour lost at the bottleneck is an hour lost for the total system. An hour saved at a non-bottleneck is just a mirage. Bottlenecks govern both throughput and inventories. The transfer batch may not, and many times should not be equal to the process batch. The process batch should be variable, not fixed. Schedules should be established by looking at all the constraints simultaneously. Lead times are the results of the schedule and cannot be predetermined. DEVELOPING OPT The steps used to develop OPT consist of the following: Preparation. Measuring performance, project planning and identifying hardware and software requirements. Plant analysis. Analyzing the manufacturing processes and how they are managed. Bottleneck analysis. (A bottleneck is defined as a resource where capacity is equal to or less than the demand being placed upon it.) This is conducted by analyzing work in progress and shortages vs. excesses (potential bottlenecks are those resources which appear on the shortage list but not the excess list). Computer modeling. This is the process of developing the engineering network and instructing the OPT scheduler how to interpret details concerning the manufacture of products such as dependent set-ups, critical material, fixed batch quantities, maximum batch quantities, consumable tools, rework and uninterruptible processes. Data will be fed into the model concerning routines, bills of material and customer demand. Data definition. Establishing what data is required to be fed into the system. Defining outputs. The output will be a master production schedule (MPS), which is achieved by constraint capacity planning. This provides the basis for the process of demand management using the OPT software to carry out the scheduling the OPT identifies the relevant demand and controls the build accordingly. OPERATING OPT OPT is operated through OPT software which has been developed to control complex manufacturing processes. The software will model the process and produce the schedules in the shape ofmaterial and capacity plans using the OPT bottleneck forward-loading techniques. The shopfloor control system will then monitor progress against the schedule and initiate any action to overcome shortfalls. BENEFITS The benefits claimed for OPT are that it will schedule finite resources in order to achieve maximum factory effectiveness. The scheduling system: Addresses the key problem of bottlenecks. Improves profitability by simultaneously increasing throughput. Reduces inventory and operating expenses. Manufacturing Strategy Part 6: Optimised Production Technology (OPT) Introduction OPT is possibly the most radical of the 3 production strategies to be discussed as it requires a new way of thinking, not only about production but also about the basic accounting principles. In many areas this demands radical or revised thinking by our accountants and new approaches to the fundamentals of accounting. OPT begins by stating that the goal of a manufacturing business is to make money both now and in the future. This might seem to be rather simple but it provides a framework for all the other decisions involved in the business. The aim of OPT is to increase throughput (the rate at which the company generates money through sales) whilst simultaneously decreasing inventory and operating expense. If an action does not directly improve one of the three measures then it is irrelevant at best and damaging at worst, do not do it. The traditional approach has been to optimise each sub-system irrespective of its importance (i.e. to improve the output of the welder) but the OPT approach is to optimise the total system to maximise throughput (i.e. if the welder is not limiting your throughput then dont work on it and put your efforts somewhere else). OPT states that the optimum of each sub-system is not necessarily the optimum of the whole system. OPT defines a bottleneck as any resource whose capacity is equal to or less than the market demand placed upon it. The bottleneck is thus the constraint that is preventing increased throughput from your factory. Improvements here will tend to optimise the whole system and have an increased payback by directly increasing throughput. Bottlenecks are easy to spot in the average factory they are the operations that have lots of work in progress stacked up in front of them. In this sense a non-bottleneck is any resource whose capacity is greater than the market demand placed on it and improvements here will be irrelevant in terms of increased throughput. Figure 1: Spotting the bottlenecks Operation C is the obvious bottleneck for the factory. Running A at capacity will lead to a build up of inventory in front of B. Running B at capacity will lead to a massive build up in inventory in front of C. Investment or improvement in A, B or D will do nothing to improve throughput, the only meaningful investment area would be C where the ability of the plant to earn money can be rapidly improved. Operation C must be protected from loss of output for any reason. It is the operation that controls the income of the factory. In reality the choice is never this clear and the important thing is to balance the flow and not the capacity. The bottleneck concept is best explained in the hiking analogy from The Goal. The speed of a group of hikers needs to be maximised to get to the campsite by nightfall but the actual speed of the whole group is limited by the speed of the slowest hiker (the bottleneck). Placing the slowest hiker at the front of the group slows down the whole group and increases the time required i.e. reduces the throughput. Placing the slowest hiker anywhere else in the group still slows the whole group and also increases the length of the group (the inventory). Thus the only way to reduce the length (the inventory) and achieve the fastest transit time the throughput) is to find a way of moving the slowest hiker faster i.e. working on the bottleneck. An hour lost at a bottleneck, for any reason is an hour to the whole system and cannot be recovered. Dont think you can get it back later because the way we defined a bottleneck means that you cannot. The cost for this lost hour is the total cost of running the whole factory for one hour, after all the bottleneck is governing the throughput. Factory scheduling is at the heart of OPT and a critical factor in this is the location and elimination or management of bottlenecks, a fact which is not explicitly dealt with by JIT. The set up time reduction techniques of JIT appear again but are not formally recognised by OPT. An hour saved in the set-up time of a bottleneck is an hour saved for the whole system. OPT goes on to say that an hour saved on a non-bottleneck machine simply increases inventory and does nothing to improve throughput. It is wasted effort, so dont do it. In a sense OPT shares a lot of philosophy with JIT and both concentrate on quality, lead times, lot sizes and machine set-up times. A major difference is that OPT regards the river and rocks analogy of JIT as being fundamentally flawed. In OPT terms the river is not the flat evenly flowing stream that JIT assumes but has waves on inventory moving through it depending on the order situation in the factory. All can be fine until the inventory is at the trough of a wave. If you hit a problem then it is likely to rip the bottom out of the boat and sink the business! The OPT approach is much more like reality than the JIT approach in this situation, in other words dont take any analogy too far. An underlying rule forgotten at your peril. Figure 2: The OPT view of rocks in the river In the same way OPT shares a computer based approach with MRPII and both require a large complex database of product and machine information for schedule calculation. OPT also requires information on how the product is made, the route through the factory and both set-up and run times. OPT can generally pirate a lot of this information from an existing MRPII system. One problem with MRPII is that it ignores the in-build variation of any machine and assumes that a machine will work at capacity at all times. OPT is more realistic in accepting that the actual capacity is affected by statistical fluctuations and a dependence on previous operations to supply product for processing. In many cases this makes MRPII scheduling unrealistic and time buffers are built in to cater for this. OPT can be more realistic in scheduling than MRPII by taking this into account and also allowing for improvement in times and routing. OPT is based on a set of rules which need to be adopted completely by management and basic statements are incorporated into these rules. The OPT rules Balance the flow, not the capacity. Let bottlenecks determine usage of the non-bottlenecks and do not seek machine utilisation. If a resource is activated when output cannot get through the constraint then all it produces is inventory. Utilisation and activation of a resource are not the same thing. Activation is when a resource is working but utilisation is when it is working and doing useful work. Producing stock for inventory is not useful work. An hour lost at a bottleneck is an hour lost for the whole system and cannot be recovered. An hour saved at a non-bottleneck is a mirage. Bottlenecks govern both throughput and inventory. A transfer batch is not necessarily equal to a process batch i.e. just because you have to cut 20 frames at a time on the optimiser saw it does not mean that you have to push them all on to the welder at one time. You can break the process batch (20 frames) down into small transfer batches (1 order). Process batches should be variable and not fixed. Later work shows that the best results are achieved by using a drum-buffer-rope technique to control the system. You must first find the true bottlenecks that govern the factory throughput. The bottlenecks that beat out the pace like a drum for the whole factory should be kept fully scheduled and working at all times. The bottlenecks must be protected against any interruption caused by breakdowns, quality, set-up times, labour concerns or any other variation. This protection is achieved by building in time buffers. These are a focus for process improvements. All other operations are then synchronised to the bottleneck operation and work is pulled through as if it were on a rope. Without computers the drum-buffer-rope concept works very well for limited variety production. The introduction of variety leads to shifting bottlenecks and the need for complex computer software to run the system. OPT requires maximising the flow of materials and rarely requires large investment in machinery or restructuring of the plant. By improving the flow of the product OPT seeks to get inventory moving and can make an immediate financial impact. OPT needs to be carried through to the whole company and encourages the view of the production area as a real profit maker for the company. For and Against For Quickly targets areas of concern (bottlenecks, quality set up times, high inventories). Incorporates some production and MRP. Quick results. Gives financial feedback. Suitable for discrete, batch and process industries. Possible to grow into via partial implementation at a practical level. Easily understood by the shop floor. Against Challenges traditional cost accounting. Requires simulation modelling of the process. Needs good database. Must go via one consultancy company. Summary OPT is relatively new in terms of production management systems and is an overall philosophy for running the business rather than simply being about production management. OPT starts by assuming that manufacturing is all about making money and looks at optimising the complete system to achieve this rather than just optimising individual operations on a piecemeal basis. OPT is a proprietary system in the full version (rather than just the philosophy) owned by a software and consultancy company. This does not prevent the adoption of some of the excellent ideas it contains and generates. OPT is a trademark of the Scheduling Technology Group. The only, but excellent, book on the subject is The Goal by E Goldratt and J Cox. In the previous pages we have looked at 3 different methods of production management and have reviewed the significant areas for improvement and change. As an overall summary MRPII does not seek to change anything whereas JIT actually forces a fundamental but painful search for excellence. OPT is probably even more powerful because it uses many of the JIT ideas and also follows through into the overall system. The current strategy of many companies uses a blend of these three main methods at various points in the company to achieve the right blend of success. The Manufacturing Strategy Series The Manufacturing Strategy series is designed to give production managers and their staff some insights into new manufacturing methods and to prompt the industry into considering the benefits of alternative approaches to manufacturing. The series is: Part 1: Setting the strategy Part 2: The systems and MRP II Part 3: Just in time (1) Part 4: Just in time (2) Part 5: Just in time (3) Part 6: Optimised Production Technology (OPT) (This section) Part 7: A fundamental quality Part 8: Quality management techniques tools Part 9: Theres no accounting for manufacturing strategy Part 10: Performance measurement Part 11: Changing roles and things to do NOW! Last edited: 29/03/04 Â © Tangram Technology Ltd. 2001 Our standard disclaimer regarding Internet data applies. dvanced planning and scheduling Clients in the consumer products manufacturing and process industry have revealed that many are interested in knowing more about how advanced planning and scheduling (APS) systems can support them in making the right decisions to drive supply chain benefits. More and more companies are in the process of implementing such a system to further optimize their planning processes. To learn more, read the following book exerpt: How to Get the Most Out of Your Supply Chain An overview of Advanced Planning and Scheduling (APS) systems in the consumer products manufacturing and process industry by Deloittes Rhiannon Davies, Nadine Diepeveen, Erik Diks and Vincent Vloemans. Published December 2002. Requirements driving APS Pressure on performance has been steadily increasing over the last decade, and it does not appear to be abating. But where can a company still squeeze out performance improvement? According to Gartner, a leading technology research and advisory firm, supply chain management is one of the key differentiators for the future. Gartner researchers predict that: By 2004, 90 per cent of companies that fail to apply supply chain management technology and processes to increase their flexibility will lose their status as preferred suppliers (0.8 probability). Through 2005, organizations that implement supply chain planning applications with a continuous improvement program will increase ROI by 40% during a 5 year lifecycle (0.7 probability). Changing business requirements and markets are making effective supply chain management and the resulting competitiveness and flexibility more important. Customers are demanding more flexibility, more visibility of availability, more speed and highly customized products. To provide this information, more and more emphasis is put on the supply chain planning capabilities to allow the visibility along the supply chain to react quickly to changing customer demand in a cost competitive way. The alternative to reliable planning is a fully flexible supply chain. Some companies have made good headway in this area, but for many, the cost of this full flexibility is till too high. At Deloitte, we recommend balancing planning improvements with increasing flexibility in the supply chain and continuous development of supply chain professionals. Discussions with our clients in the consumer products manufacturing and process industry have revealed that many are interested in knowing more about how APS systems can support them in making the right decisions to drive supply chain benefits. More and more companies are in the process of implementing such a system to further optimize their planning processes. This book will help our clients to answer the following questions: What is an APS system and what role do they play in supply chain optimization? How APS is different from ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning)? To what businesses could it apply? Will it apply to my business? How? What are the benefits that could be gained from such a system? Who are the key vendors of APS systems? How can I choose which vendor to use for my organization? How are APS packages implemented and how can I apply this methodology to my own organization? The book is written in cooperation with the 10 major APS vendors in consumer products manufacturing and process industry. As sort of an APS primer, the book includes profiles of each vendor, listing the company, its strategy, product technology, functionality and other important information. But the book also is appropriate for readers with a strong knowledge of APS, providing them with up-to-date knowledge of technology and vendors. The APS vendor assessment APS applications cover various domains in supply chain management. To structure the discussion on APS, we introduce our APS reference model. This model serves as a guideline for the general building blocks of an APS system, and allows for a level comparison of the functionality of the various vendors. Furthermore, we discuss the most common models and techniques used by APS packages and assess the level of sophistication of the functionality provided by each vendor in each of the areas outlined in the APS reference model. Each industry has its own specific business issues and these must be addressed during the definition of the requirements that need to be met by an APS package. For example, in the process industry tank planning and dealing with shelf life are usually required, whereas in the high tech industry, complex capacity planning with many constraints. We concentrate on APS packages that cover most requirements in the consumer business and process industry. We provide a classification of consumer business manufacturers to explain the different requirements that need to be addressed by an APS package. We also describe how major changes in the business environment, as well as process and technology innovations impact the requirements on APS software. To provide an up-to-date overview of the software capabilities offered by major APS vendors in the consumer products manufacturing and process industry arena, we performed a large survey among the largest APS vendors within the consumer business and process arena, including Adexa, Agilisys, Aspen Tech, Baan, i2, Logility, Manugistics, Oracle and SAP. We took a two-stage approach to the survey process. First, each vendor filled out a questionnaire that gave insight into the company, its strategy, its product and footprint, product strategy and development plans to allow us to better understand and position their capabilities. Second, we visited each vendor to discuss in more detail their answers to the survey, to view demonstrations of how their product functionality really answers supply chain planning requirements, and to get an impression of their product and company. The vendor analysis in the book is structured to allow easy comparison of vendor capabilities. First, we inventarize the capabilities of each of the vendors per functional area as outlined in the aforementioned APS reference model. Second, we compare the vendors by their industry focus and their technology capabilities. Finally, per vendor we give an overview of their user interface functionality and development areas. Selection and implementation methodology One of the objectives of the book is to serve as a guide to support the initial selection of the APS application/vendor that best meets the business needs of our clients. As such, in addition to providing a vendor selection methodology, we explain Our proven five step methodology to implement an APS system. We explain each step in detail, as well as our methods and the tools we use during an APS implementation. Finally, we provide some lessons learned (secrets of our success) based on our practical implementation experience at numerous customers. Advanced Planning Scheduling (APS) For complex planning scheduling activities especially those that are heavily constrained or require multi-stage scheduling and frequent re-scheduling our experience is that off-the-shelf software packages just dont work. Because of the many differences between problem types and industries, you often end up with a rigid system with preset objectives, logic, and scope, which doesnt quite fit your core operation. Because our Advanced Planning Scheduling (APS) system is tailored to your unique business rules, constraints, and processes, it can be used to optimise a wide variety of planning scheduling activities, including Production-line planning, scheduling, and sequencing Labour planning and timetabling Maintenance planning scheduling Equipment planning scheduling Media planning Features and benefits of our APS system include: Creating schedules that are optimised for cost, profit, or client-defined objectives (service levels, utilization, etc.) Increased delivery on time and in full (DIFOT) Reduced work-in-progress and finished goods inventory Reduced planning time Dynamically re-optimising around unexpected changes in demand and other events Conducting financial what-if analysis and scenario comparison Setting more than one objective/goal and analysing the trade-offs Centralising the planning and scheduling function across multiple plants Optimising across multiple production stages or steps Evaluating the impact of your business rules, processes, and constraints Seamless connection with your existing databases, MRP/ERP systems, and other enterprise software HOT NEWS March 2010 Â » ORDINA signs partner agreement with ICRON. HomeSolutions Advanced Planning and Scheduling Planning and scheduling has never been easy, but today it is far more challenging than it was a decade ago. Planners are feeling more and more pressure to generate accurate and timely plans by considering complex production and supply chain environment, ever changing demand, heavy constraints, conflicting business objectives and processes. And to make things worse, traditional tools at hand are becoming obsolete: spreadsheet based manual planning and scheduling cannot cope with the complexity, your ERP system hardly helps and there is no off the shelf product which can address your unique production environment and supply chain network. What you need is a flexible and reliable Advanced Planning and Scheduling solutions which is tailored for your unique requirements. With 15+ years of experience in Supply Chain Optimization, ICRON Technologies provides ICRON Advanced Planning and Scheduling (ICRON APS) solution to revolutionize your planning and scheduling activities by its mature, cutting-edge technology, and innovative modeling and implementation practices. ICRON APS provides optimized, automatically generated plans and schedules while simultaneously considering demand, resource and material constraints and business objectives. Benefits and features of ICRON APS are: ICRON APS provides significant cost and waste reduction by optimization based on user defined objectives (reduced cost of early/late job completion, inventory, overtime, transportation, reduced WIP times, etc.). ICRON APS greatly improves available-to-promise and capable-to-promise capabilities by generating realistic completion times for individual operations and jobs on entire supply chain network. This quickly translates into increased customer satisfaction. ICRON APS provides feasible, finite capacity schedules which can be readily published to the shop floor. ICRON APS significantly reduces the planning time. ICRON automatically performs most of the schedule generation activities and produces schedules in minutes rather than hours or days. ICRON APS provides tremendous what-if analysis capability. With its speed, accuracy easily generates as many scenarios as user requires and provides user friendly, efficiently tools for planner and management to selects the best scenario to be used as the official plan. ICRON APS maximizes the resource utilization by reducing the setup times by better sequencing, especially when sequence dependent setups exist. ICRON APS provides you fast rescheduling capability to respond to frequent changes. With ICRON, the production planning shifts from reactive, fire fighting planning to proactive, strategic planning. ICRON APS integrates and centralizes the planning and scheduling along the entire supply chain network. Advanced Planning and Scheduling (APS) -Techniques that deal with analysis and planning of logistics and manufacturing during short, intermediate and long-term time periods. APS describes any computer program that uses advanced mathematical algorithms or logic to perform optimization or simulation on finite capacity scheduling, sourcing, capital planning, resource planning, forecasting, demand management, and others. These techniques simultaneously consider a range of constraints and business rules to provide real-time planning and scheduling, decision support, available-to-promise, and capable-to-promise capabilities. APS often generates and evaluates multiple scenarios. Management then selects one scenario to use as the official plan. The five main components of APS systems are Demand Planning, Production Planning, Production Scheduling, Distribution Planning, and Transportation Planning.

Essay --

Phase 2 Botanical Healing DB 2 How new are herbs for you? Well a confession is in order. Over the years, many people talked about herbs of one type or another, but it seems like a waste of time and money. Well, here at CTU for the first time confronted with finding out what was thought as senseless now, makes a lot of sense. To learn about herbals, visiting 2 Herbal stores, checking the price, researching herbs to educate the patient of the need to inform the physician of all medicine and herbs they are taking. Therefore, the patient will be knowledgeable of their names, what they use for, the contraindications/side effects and interactions that may affect any conventional medications they may use. Aloe Vera is the name of the herbal supplement is a â€Å"type of dietary supplement that contains herbs, either singly or in mixtures.† (Herbal Supplements: Consider, n.d.) The common name of Aloe vera consists of aloe, burn plant, lily of the desert, and elephant’s gall. Aloe Vera is a plant that yields a gelatinous substance. Also, Aloe vera is bought in the form of capsules, tablets, juice, gel ointment, and creams. The dose for liquids is 1ml to 20ml, because Aloe vera comes in many different forms and doses that are dependent on what their use. â€Å"Foster, Hunter, & Samman, in (2011) states, that there are no serious adverse reactions reported following Aloe vera administration. In case reports, use of aloe vera produces hypersensitivity and allergic responses.† Also, â€Å"topical use results in contact dermatitis and oral use may cause diarrhea or vomiting (Foster, Hunter, & Samman, 2011).† In rare cases, severe â€Å"adverse effects with oral use of Aloe vera can be induced acute hepatiti... ...tp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK92765 National Institute of health,(2013). Evening primrose oil Retrieved February 2013 from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/natural/1006.html National Institute of Health,(n.d.). Green tea and green tea extracts contain caffeine Garlic Retrieved from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/naturGreen tea and green tea extracts contain caffeine.al/300.html National Institute of Health,(2011). Green Tea Retrieved October 2011 from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/natural/960.html#Drug Segal, R., & Pilote, L.,(2006). Warfarin interaction with Matricaria chamomile, CMAJ: 174(9), 1281-1282. Doi.101503/cmaj.051191 PMCID: PMC1535958 Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih,gov/pmc/articles/PMC â€Å"What is Echinacea†-WebMD answers-Get answers Retrieved from http://www.answers.webmd.com/answers/118248/what

The Hill Reaction and Light Wattage

Wabash College| The Effects of Light Wattage on the Rate of the Hill Reaction| | | Mark Stoops| 11/29/2012| | Introduction: In the Hill Reaction lab we will be measuring the rate of photosynthesis in light dependent reactions. The goal is to measure the change of absorbance of 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol (DCIP) and examine the rate of the photosynthetic reactions using this data. The Hill Reaction can be used to study photosynthesis because we can directly measure the rate of the reaction of photosynthesis using DCIP.The Hill Reaction is defined as the photo reduction of an electron acceptor by the hydrogen ions from water, which then produce oxygen. In naturally occurring reactions NADP+ is the final electron acceptor. In the Hill Reaction we will be using 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol (DCIP) as an electron acceptor instead of NADP+. DCIP is blue in its oxidized state and is colorless in its reduced form. This change in color can be utilized. As the photosynthetic reaction proceeds the DCIP will become increasing transparent. This reduction in blue color leads to change in absorbance and can be measured by the spectrophotometer in lab.Using the Hill Reaction, we hypothesized that the amount of light,(change in wattage) affects the rate of change of absorbance of DCIP in solution. In order to test our hypothesis we set up the experiment with three different strengths of light (15W, 60W, 120W), as well as a light free, negative control. Each run was conducted for ten minutes under similar conditions with a difference in wattage being the only variable. The negative control was conducted with no light to see how the reaction would proceed with no external influences. Having a control allows us to have a baseline of comparison for our three lighted runs.Due to the fact that light dependent reactions use light, we can predict that an increase in the amount of light will increase the rate of reaction of photosynthesis, thus lowering the absorbance. We can also predi ct that our control will have no change in absorption after a ten minute period without light. Method: To begin the Hill Reaction we first isolated the chloroplasts. This was done by placing the pieces of leaves into a mortar with 15ml of ice cold NaCl-buffer. The mixture was then ground for two minutes. After grinding the leaves we filtered the solution through 8 layers of cheesecloth.The juice was rung out and the solution put into a 15ml centrifuge tube. The solution was than centrifuged for one minute at 400xg. Then we decanted the supernatant into another clean, chilled centrifuge tube and spun it at 1000xg for 5 minutes. After the centrifuge process, we decanted the supernatant and suspended the pellet in 7ml of ice cold Nacl. This solution was kept on ice the entire time of experiment. To begin our runs we made a warm water bath for our solutions, then prepared the solutions shown in Figure 1 below. | NaCl buffer| DCIP| DI H2O| Chloroplats (on ice)| Blank| 3. 5 ml| -| 1. 0ml| 0. 5 ml|Control | 3. 5 ml| 0. 5ml| 0. 5ml| 0. 5 ml| Reaction 15W| 3. 5 ml| 0. 5ml| 0. 5ml| 0. 5 ml| Reaction 60W| 3. 5 ml| 0. 5ml| 0. 5ml| 0. 5 ml| Reaction 120W| 3. 5 ml| 0. 5ml| 0. 5ml| 0. 5 ml| Figure 1. Experimental solutions to be prepared in lab. The blank solution was used to zero our spectrophotometer. To zero our spectrophotometer, we used the instructions provided at the spectrophotometer. To prepare the control, we added all solutions shown above and then wrapped it in two layers of aluminum foil to completely block any sources of light. After 10 minutes the control absorbance was tested to provide a negative control.We prepared the 15W, 60W, and 120W reaction tubes immediately before each respective run to avoid light pollution. The procedure we used to test each solution was to prepare the tube and place it 25cm from the source of light. Then, turn on the light and leave it on for a minute. Then at the minute mark the light was turned off and the clock stopped. The tub e was placed in the spectrophotometer and a reading was taken. Then the tube was returned to the water bath, the light turned on, and the clock started. We followed this procedure for ten times for a total of 10 minutes for each solution.The only difference between runs was the changing of bulb wattage. Results: How does the amount of light affect the rate of reaction of photosynthesis and therefore absorbance of the DCIP solution? The data shown in Figure 2 is the results of three reaction runs and a negative control run. The time in minutes is shown on the left and the percent absorbance of the 15W, 60W, 120W, and negative control run are provided in the subsequent columns. Time (minutes)| 15W %A| 60W %A| 120W %A| Negative control| 0| 1. 1| 0. 99| 0. 89| | 1| 1. 09| 0. 945| 0. 716| | 2| 1. 08| 0. 9| 0. 55| | 3| 1. 8| 0. 815| 0. 422| | 4| 1. 07| 0. 772| 0. 322| | 5| 1. 06| 0. 702| 0. 237| | 6| 1. 07| 0. 638| 0. 176| | 7| 1. 055| 0. 578| 0. 125| | 8| 1. 05| 0. 53| 0. 088| | 9| 1. 03 5| 0. 464| 0. 064| | 10| 1. 025| 0. 408| 0. 032| 1. 11| Figure 2. Data values for absorbance of DCIP solutions on a one minute basis. Also shown is the negative control with absorbance taken at 10 minutes. Figure 3 shows us a visual of the data in Figure 2. Figure 3. Time in minutes versus % absorbance of 15W, 60W, 120W, and negative control runs. Figure 4. The effect of bulb wattage on rate of absorbance. Discussion:Our results for our data runs show a common theme which is, the amount of light does have an effect on the rate of photosynthetic reaction. We can see by looking at the data in Figure 2 and depicted in Figure 3 that the amount of light has a direct influence on the rate of absorbance. The 15W run has a very small decline ending with a change in absorbance of only 7. 5%. The 60W bulb shows a change in absorbance of 58. 2%, and the 120W shows a change of 85. 8%, with a final absorption of almost 0. As shown in Figure 4, the rates of change of the 15W, 60W, and 120W runs a re 0. 75%, 5. 8%, and 13. 06 % absorbance/minute respectively.These results show that the higher the wattage, the faster DCIP turns clear, and the faster photosynthesis proceeds. Although the total change and rate of change of the 120W bulb are greatest, the reaction slows down towards the end of the run, as shown in Figure 3. This slowing of the reaction means that the amount of DCIP in its reduced state is very high, and can no longer accept electrons. This corresponds to Figure 3 because the absorbance is 3. 2% at the end. Which show a very low level of DCIP in the oxidized state. If the DCIP is no longer oxidized it can’t accept electrons which is a vital step in the light dependent reaction.Therefore we expect to observe a slowing of the reaction, and this is seen in Figure 3. The positive and negative controls give us a reference to compare our results to. In our case the 60W run is our positive control and is used in our data runs as a part of our data. It shows a line ar decline in absorbance providing a solid point of reference for a normally functioning system. The negative control provides a reference to a non-functioning Hill Reaction. The negative control shows a system without light and shows that the system will not react without sunlight. It also provides a base for 100% absorbance for each run.In conclusion our data does support our hypothesis and our prediction. As shown in the results, a change in the amount of light will produce a change in rate of the photosynthetic reaction. We predicted that a higher wattage will increase the rate. This was indeed shown in figure 2, with the 120W bulb showing the highest rate of reaction, and the 15W bulb with the slowest rate of synthetic reaction. Also we predicted that the negative control would show no reaction without light. This was supported as shown in Figure 2 with no change in absorption over the 10 min period.To test if the slowing of the reaction is due to a shortage of oxidized DCIP in solution, and not from high wattage, I would run each experiment again for a longer period of time. By doing this it would allow each run to reach a lower absorption. At this low absorption we would expect the rate to slow down due to the lack of oxidized DCIP. If this were true, each wattage would show the same slowing effect at low absorption. If the slowing of the reaction is not observed, the change would be due to a different reason such as a high wattage reducing DCIP’s functionality over time. References: Biology 111 Lab Manual. 2012

senior reflection Essay

senior reflection Essay senior reflection Essay SENIOR REFLECTION The learner profile that I believe well describes me is open-mined. I choose this learner profile because I understand and appreciate my own culture or other and personal history, and I am open to the perspective, value and traditions of other individuals and communities. There are a lot of different people from other countries like me in class, and school. I respect them from what they are, their culture. The learner profile that I believe I have grown the most over the past is communicators. As a student who just move last year from another country to United Stated. There are a lot of different things. For me, the first problem is communicated with people. At the beginning, I was able to talk with my teachers and classmates. The thing is I can understand what people say, but I am not able to reply back. After a lot of practice, and especially practice by communicating with people, and friends, I was getting better and better. I had learned a lot since I came here. I had more experi ence through life and I had more knowledge in school. Here are some evidences. There varied experience over years be a Seahawk, it shaped me into what I am today. I learned a lot of things past couple years. Summer 2011, when I was in Vietnam, I helped my church to take care of the kids. It was called Bible Camp. Different experience that I’ve been through, I showed my responsibility take care of them. I taught them drawing, and make DIY stuff. I used inquires because I enjoyed what I was learning that summer. It helped me feel confidence to talk to the kids, which I usually didn’t. I used thinker because kids are always hyper and they don’t want to listen, so I tried to find a way that make them follow, and happy with it. I was really enjoyed this experience. The kids were cute and amazing. It was a great experience I had ever had so far! Last year, when I was in 11th grade, I had an art project. Art is my favorite subject. The project was about drawing your subject and leaved it blank then decorates the outside subject. I had to organize. I made it clean. I was open-minded to create the project, think of creatively, and different patterns. I used risk takers. I explored new idea that I can make a pattern more when it close and less when it far. I had to be really carefully because the project has to use pen to draw. If I draw wrong, there was no way I could fix it. I used my imagination to picture the project on my mind. This year, 2012-2013, I had to take Chemistry class. Chemistry is the class that

The Powers of Congress

The Powers of Congress The powers of the United States Congress are set forth in Article I, Section 8 of the United States Constitution. The constitutionally granted powers of Congress are further defined and interpreted by the rulings of the Supreme Court, and by its own rules, customs, and history. The powers explicitly defined by the Constitution are called the â€Å"enumerated powers. Other powers not specifically listed in Section 8, but assumed to exist, are called â€Å"implied powers. Making Laws Of all the powers of Congress, none is more important than its enumerated power to make laws. Article I of the Constitution sets forth the powers of Congress in specific language. Section 8 states, Congress shall have Power †¦ To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof. Laws arent simply conjured out of thin air, of course. In fact, the legislative process is quite involved and designed to ensure that proposed laws are given careful consideration.   Briefly, any senator or congressman may introduce a bill, after which it is referred to the appropriate legislative committee for hearings. The committee, in turn, debates the measure, possibly offering amendments, then voting on it. If approved, the bill heads back to the chamber from which it came, where the full body will vote on it. Assuming lawmakers approve the measure, it will be sent to the other chamber for a vote. Once the measure clears Congress, it is ready for the president. If both bodies have approved legislation that differs, it must be resolved in a joint congressional committee before being voted on again by both chambers. The legislation then goes to the White House, where the president may either sign it into law or veto it. Congress, in turn, has the power to override a presidential veto with a two-thirds majority in both chambers. Amending the Constitution In addition, Congress has the power to amend the Constitution, though this is a long and arduous process. Both chambers must approve the proposed constitutional amendment by a two-thirds majority, after which the measure is sent to the states. The amendment must then be approved by three-quarters of state legislatures. The Power of the Purse Congress also has extensive powers over financial and budgetary issues. These powers include: levy and collect taxes, duties, and excise fees;allocate money to pay the government’s debts;borrow money on the credit of the United States;regulate commerce between the states and other nations;coin and print money; andallocate money to provide for the common defense and general welfare of the United States The Sixteenth Amendment, ratified in 1913, extended Congress’ power of taxation to include income taxes. Its power of the purse is one of Congress primary checks and balances on the actions of the executive branch Armed Forces The power to raise and maintain armed forces is the responsibility of Congress, and it has the power to declare war. The Senate, but not the House of Representatives, has the power to approve treaties with foreign governments, as well. Other Powers and Duties Congress keeps the mail moving by establishing post offices and the infrastructure to keep them going. It also appropriates funds for the judicial branch. Congress can establish other agencies to keep the country running smoothly as well. Bodies such as the Government Accountability Office and the National Mediation Board ensure that the monetary appropriations and the laws that Congress passes are applied properly. Congress can also investigate pressing national issues, famously holding hearings in the 1970s to investigate the Watergate burglary that ultimately ended the presidency of Richard Nixon, and it is charged with supervising and providing a balance for the executive and judicial branches. Each house has some exclusive duties as well. The House can initiate laws that require people to pay taxes and can decide whether public officials should be tried if accused of a crime. Representatives are elected to two-year terms, and the Speaker of the House is second in line to succeed the president after the vice president. The Senate is responsible for confirming presidential appointments of Cabinet members, federal judges, and foreign ambassadors. The Senate also tries any federal official accused of a crime, once the House determines that a trial is in order. Senators are elected to six-year terms; the vice president presides over the Senate and has the right to cast the deciding vote in the event of a tie.​ The Implied Powers of Congress In addition to the explicit powers enumerated in Section 8 of the Constitution, Congress also has additional implied powers derived from the Necessary and Proper Clause of the Constitution, which permits it, â€Å"To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this Constitution in the government of the United States, or in any department or officer thereof.† Through the Supreme Court’s many interpretations of the Necessary and Proper Clause and the Commerce Clause- the enumerated power to regulate interstate commerce- such as McCulloch v Maryland, the true range of the lawmaking powers of Congress extends far beyond those enumerated in Section 8. Updated by Robert Longley   Phaedra Trethan is a freelance writer who also works as a copy editor for the Camden Courier-Post. She formerly worked for the Philadelphia Inquirer, where she wrote about books, religion, sports, music, films, and restaurants.

Jesus and Mohammed Two Great Holy Personalities Essay

Jesus and Mohammed Two Great Holy Personalities - Essay Example The Biblical traditions, based on the records collected by four true followers of Christ, provide a detailed account of Christ’s birth and people’s reaction on the virgin birth. The Holy Torah had manifestly prophesized about the virgin birth of Messiah, as the Scripture predicts in these words: Therefore the Lord himself shall give you a sign; Behold, a virgin shall conceive, and bear a son, and shall call his name Immanuel. (Isaiah, 7:14) It is because of these predictions that the Magi travelled wide to see the holy child at the eve of his birth. However, an overwhelming majority of the Romans and Jews refused to acknowledge the holy birth of Holy Christ as virgin. Thus, the opposition of the Savior started from the very first day of the Holy Virgin Mary’s return to her city. Though little information is available about Christ’s childhood and early youth, yet the historians and theologians are of the opinion that Mary had taken him to Egypt in order to escape the wrath of his enemies. Hence, like his predecessor holy prophets, including Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob, Joseph, Moses, Zachariah and others, Holy Christ also had to face opposition from the prosperous stratum of his society. Jesus preached and lived by truly radical ethics. In contrast to the prevailing patriarchal society and extensive proscriptions against impurity, he touched lepers and a bleeding woman to heal them; in his â€Å"table fellowship,† he ate with people of all classes shreds of evidence.... The Holy Torah had manifestly prophesized about the virgin birth of Messiah, as the Scripture predicts in these words: Therefore the Lord himself shall give you a sign; Behold, a virgin shall conceive, and bear a son, and shall call his name Immanuel. (Isaiah, 7:14) It is because of these predictions that the Magi travelled wide to see the holy child at the eve of his birth. However, an overwhelming majority of the Romans and Jews refused to acknowledge the holy birth of Holy Christ as virgin. Thus, the opposition of the Savior started from the very first day of the Holy Virgin Mary’s return to her city. Though little information is available about Christ’s childhood and early youth, yet the historians and theologians are of the opinion that Mary had taken him to Egypt in order to escape the wrath of his enemies. Hence, like his predecessor holy prophets, including Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob, Joseph, Moses, Zachariah and others, Holy Christ also had to face oppositi on from the prosperous stratum of his society. Jesus preached and lived by truly radical ethics. In contrast to the prevailing patriarchal society and extensive proscriptions against impurity, he touched lepers and a bleeding woman to heal them; in his â€Å"table fellowship,† he ate with people of all classes. In a culture in which the woman’s role was strictly circumscribed, he welcomed women as his disciples. (Fisher, 2005: 293) The researches reveal the very fact that Jesus returned to his native land Jerusalem from Egypt at the age of thirty. It was the time when he started preaching the virtue and nobility to the people of Nazareth. Jesus was highly

Integration Paper - MBA Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Integration Paper - MBA - Assignment Example The key to proper segmentation is to identify the bases that would produce substantial, accessible and measurable segments. Markets are segmented based on variables such as age group, gender and education along with other relevant factors (Lamb, Hair & McDaniel, 2011, p. 262). MBA market place can be segmented as institutional market which is a consumer market and is composed of large number of buyers who purchases in volume quantities. Organisations which are involved in the institutional market include businesses, non profit organisations, schools and universities also (Pride & Ferrell, 2011, p. 251). Therefore the market place of MBA is segment as institutional market comprising of large number of students demanding for more knowledge and better skills. Target market University of Liverpool has segmented its market as institutional buyers forming consisting of large number of members demanding similar kind of needs. Selecting an appropriate target market is important for the insti tution as it enhances the strategic planning process. The University of Liverpool has targeted the students of high quality and who wants to develop the skills as an effective manager as well as have the urge to become potential leader (University of Liverpool, n.d). ... In addition, participants who wish to study online are also the suitable target market. It can be seen in the university has promoted the facility of online degree through its websites and has positioned itself as a management group which offers students and participants not only class room based teaching but also online courses enabling distance students to learn and acquire the managerial skills required to excel in the practical field of life and workplace. Positioning The positioning strategy adopted by the University of Liverpool can be said is to provide knowledge and skills to all those who wants to learn and develop managerial skills and it is depicted properly in the website of the university. The university caters for part time as well as full time students and guided by a flexible approach to learning through the provision of online degree (University of Liverpool-a, n.d). Therefore the university has been targeting the top rank students from across the globe and provide w orld class learning and training facilities along with online learning both for students and professionals who has the desire to learn and expertise in their skills. The university has positioned as a school where learning happens to make a difference. Reflect on own your reason for choosing to undertake your MBA at the University of Liverpool. To what extent do theses match the strategy identified above? Reason for choosing the University of Liverpool to undergo MBA course The reason for choosing the University of Liverpool is because of the opportunity that it provides to the students and encourages the students to develop business and specialise in the field of management through a wide range of electives made available to the students. The